What disease harm does coarctation of aorta have?

summary

Coarctation of aorta is often accompanied by other congenital cardiovascular diseases. The most common are patent ductus arteriosus, double leaflet aortic valve, aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, ascending aortic dysplasia and endocardial fibroelastosis. About half of the cases of Turner syndrome (also known as X syndrome) have aortic stenosis. Turner syndrome is a congenital ovarian hypoplasia with abnormal sex chromosomes. The main clinical manifestations were short stature, growth and sexual retardation, flabby skin of neck, web neck, low hairline of neck and cubitus valgus. What are the hazards of coarctation of aorta?

What disease harm does coarctation of aorta have?

First, Takayasu arteritis; It is not difficult to diagnose Takayasu arteritis with typical clinical manifestations, but atypical cases need to be differentiated from other diseases. Young people, especially women with more than one of the following manifestations, should be suspected or diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis. The patients with unilateral or bilateral limb ischemia symptoms, accompanied by weakened or disappeared arterial pulse, decreased or undetectable blood pressure, or pulse pressure difference of both limbs greater than 1.33kpa (10mmhg), or lower limb systolic pressure 2.67kpa (20mmhg) lower than upper limb systolic pressure (same width cuff).

Second, narrow aortic valve; Most of the patients with aortic stenosis are adults, most of them have no history of rheumatism, and heart murmur is often found during physical examination. Due to the strong compensatory ability of left ventricle, they may have no clinical symptoms or only complain of fatigue, which is called asymptomatic aortic stenosis. Due to the development of the disease, symptoms gradually appear. When the left ventricular end diastolic pressure rises, dyspnea and dizziness appear during exercise. However, in a considerable period of time, due to the increase of heart beat and left atrial systolic pressure after exercise, a certain amount of cardiac output can be maintained. Therefore, the above symptoms are relatively stable. Once there are symptoms such as fainting and angina pectoris after exercise, It indicates that the disease is getting worse.

Third, patent ductus arteriosus; Ductus arteriosus is the blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta. It is located between the root of the left pulmonary artery and the isthmus of the descending aorta. It is more closed in the normal state than in the short term after birth. If it is not closed, it is called patent ductus arteriosus. The symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus depend on the thickness of the catheter, the size of shunt, the level of pulmonary vascular resistance, the age of the patient and the combined intracardiac malformation. Although the catheter of full-term infants is bulky, it takes 6-8 weeks after birth to appear symptoms after the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. Premature infants have symptoms in the first week due to less pulmonary arteriole smooth muscle and earlier decline of vascular resistance. They often have shortness of breath, tachycardia and acute dyspnea, which are more obvious during lactation. And prone to cold and upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, etc. After that, children get compensation, and seldom have self-conscious symptoms, but they are poor in development and small in stature. Some children are easy to feel tired, palpitations, and patients with medium size patent ductus are generally asymptomatic only after fatigue. The symptoms of decompensation of cardiac function such as shortness of breath and palpitation didn't appear until the age of more than 20. Although pulmonary hypertension can appear under 2 years old, the obvious symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are dizziness, shortness of breath, hemoptysis and cyanosis after activity (cyanosis is obvious in the lower half of the body). If complicated with subacute endocarditis, there are fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting Sweating and other systemic symptoms. Endocarditis is rare in children, but more common in youth.

matters needing attention

Coarctation of the aorta occurs most often in the adjacent part of the connection between the ductus arteriosus or the arterial ligament and the aorta. According to the position relationship between the constricted segment and the ductus arteriosus or arterial ligament, it can be divided into pre ductal type and post ductal type. Pre catheter type: this type of constriction is located in the proximal end of the arterial duct or arterial ligament, which is easy to be combined with other cardiovascular malformations, also known as complex type. Postcatheter type: it is more common. The constricted segment is located at the distal end of the arterial duct or arterial ligament. It is often isolated obstruction, also known as simple type. Timely treatment and recovery.