What are the causes of insulin resistance?

summary

Insulin resistance refers to a variety of reasons for insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization efficiency decline, the body compensatory secretion of excessive insulin to produce hyperinsulinemia, in order to maintain the stability of blood glucose. Insulin resistance can easily lead to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance symptoms?

What are the causes of insulin resistance?

The first is the structural abnormality of insulin, the existence of insulin antibody, insulin receptor or gene mutation after insulin receptor (such as GLUT4 gene mutation, glucokinase gene mutation and insulin receptor substrate gene mutation, etc.). Obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance, especially central obesity. Obesity is mainly related to the lack of long-term exercise and excessive intake of dietary energy. 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were diagnosed with obesity.

Second: long term hyperglycemia, high free fatty acids, some drugs such as glucocorticoids, some trace elements such as chromium and vanadium deficiency, pregnancy and insulin antagonistic hormone increase. Increased TNF-a activity can promote lipolysis and increase the level of plasma free fatty acids, leading to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

Third, leptin resistance and adiponectin level decrease or activity weaken, the content of triglyceride in skeletal muscle cells increases, and the accumulation of cholesterol in B cells leads to its dysfunction. In recent years, it has been found that resistin secreted by adipocytes can reduce the glucose uptake after insulin stimulation, and the tissue glucose uptake increases after neutralizing resistin.

matters needing attention

1. The treatment of diabetes must be based on diet control and exercise therapy. Patients with diabetes should avoid eating monosaccharide and disaccharide food, reduce eating high-fat and high protein food, and eat food rich in high fiber and soluble fiber. 2. The choice of exercise should be carried out under the guidance of the doctor, and it must be appropriate. The whole body exercise should be done as far as possible, including walking and jogging. On this basis, the application of appropriate insulin sensitizers, rather than excessive use of drugs to stimulate insulin secretion, can achieve the purpose of long-term effective control of blood glucose.